B., Avolio, B. J., & Luthans, F. (2011). https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.56.2.267. Behavioral disengagement and self-blame (Carver, 1997) were found to be the dominant avoidant coping strategies that were adopted by students, which led to a significant decrease in well-being during the pandemic. Luthans, K. W., Luthans, B. C., & Palmer, N. F. (2016). Instruments Journal of College Student Development, 56(8), 872875. And having to stay home can be lonely. WebMike T. Docmerit is a great platform to get and share study resources, especially the resource contributed by past students and who have done similar courses. The use of LMS in learning activities can be done anywhere. Both individual counseling and group-based programming focused on PsyCap and positive coping strategies could support the well-being of university students as they experience ongoing stressors related to the pandemic or as they face other setbacks. Both courses trained students to respond to chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosives incidents. These feelings are normal. To this end, in 2020, a sample of Polish students was anonymously measured using the Mini-COPE questionnaire. Use of multiple social media platforms and symptoms of depression and anxiety: A nationally-representative study among U.S. young adults. Finally, the moderate Cronbachs alpha reliability scores of < .70 (Field, 2013) for the subscales of the Brief COPE inventory and the engagement subscale of the PERMA-Profiler are of concern, which has also been expressed by prior researchers (Goodman et al., 2018; Iasiello et al., 2017). Most educational institutions made sure that instruction was uninterrupted at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Asian American University Students’ Adjustment, Coping, A single overall flourishing score provides a global indication of well-being, and at the same time, the domain-specific PERMA scores provide meaningful and practical benefits with regard to the possibility of targeted interventions. Most educational institutions made sure that instruction was uninterrupted at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. PsyCap is defined as an, individuals positive psychological state of development characterized by (1) having confidence (self-efficacy) to take on and put in the necessary effort to succeed at challenging tasks; (2) making a positive attribution (optimism) about succeeding now and in the future; (3) persevering toward goals and, when necessary, redirecting paths to goals (hope) in order to succeed; and (4) when beset by problems and adversity, sustaining and bouncing back and even beyond (resilience) to attain success. Check in with your child frequently and listen to their concerns. Reduction in Well-Being Related to COVID-19 -. Personnel Psychology, 60(3), 541572. The final two pillars are meaning (M), a sense of purpose in life that is derived from something greater than oneself, and accomplishment (A), a persistent drive that helps one progress toward personal goals and provides one with a sense of achievement in life. https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2020/05/04/mental-health-coronavirus, Witters, D., & Harter, J. Guided imagery can also be a useful and effective tool to help stressed students cope with academic, social, and other stressors. Psychological capital and beyond. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2018.1546182, Wan, W. (2020). Now is my chance to help others. Luthans, F., & Youssef-Morgan, C. M. (2017). Human Resource Development Quarterly, 22(2), 127152. WebThus, the objective of this study was aimed at accentuating the coping strategies of students for online teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies conducted during the COVID19 pandemic have shown a similar pattern: psychological resilience, coping behaviours and social support safeguard mental health and wellbeing among health care workers who are on the frontlines of the fights against this deadly virus (BlancoDonoso et al., 2021; Chew et al., 2020; Labrague & De los E = Engagement, R = Relationships, M = Meaning, A = Accomplishment, N = Negative Emotion, H = Physical Health, The predictive role of resilience on positive emotion, accomplishment, negative emotion, and loneliness also became significant during COVID-19. Yet, despite the rapid emergence of these important studies, we still know little about how college students . The scoping review aimed to, Journal of professional nursing : official journal of the American Association of Colleges of Nursing. Experimentally analyzing the impact of leader positivity on follower positivity and performance. Baj-Korpak J, Zaworski K, Szymczuk E, Shpakou A. Int J Environ Res Public Health. A variety of free online assessments are also available for use by counselors, including tools that measure well-being, positive psychological resources, and character strengths of university students in addition to existing assessment batteries. Journal of Affective Disorders. Cultivating Gratitude To Support Wellbeing. Kozakiewicz A, Izdebski Z, Biaorudzki M, Mazur J. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(S1), S120S138. This situation clearly showed the students' helplessness and difficulties with coping with this new, stressful situation, highlighted in many previous studies. Academic stress, coping, emotion regulation, affect and psychosomatic symptoms in higher education. 216.368.2000 https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpr051, Dello Russo, S., & Stoykova, P. (2015). Indeed, optimism and hope each uniquely predict a major proportion of variance of the change in well-being and may together help students to face an uncertain future (M. W. Gallagher & Lopez, 2009). Future researchers examining well-being in university students in different regions of the country or internationally may wish to further investigate the applicability of the PERMA model as a measure of university students well-being during the pandemic. National Survey of Counseling Center Directors 2008 [Internet]. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.20070, Billings, A. G., & Moos, R. H. (1984). Goodman, F. R., Disabato, D. J., Kashdan, T. B., & Kauffman, S. B. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.21212, Demerouti, E., van Eeuwijk, E., Snelder, M., & Wild, U. Ertosun, . G., Erdil, O., Deniz, N., & Alpkan, L. (2015). Adaptive coping strategies were also conducive to well-being. Crown. Nursing education has moved classes online. You want to measure coping but your protocols too long: Consider the Brief COPE. Coping with COVID-19-related stress as Coping in the era of coronavirus: A webinar for students, APA electronic resources available for distance learning, Free Access to the Publication Manual and Other Resources During the Coronavirus Pandemic. Limit your media consumption. The aim of the current study was to examine the relationships among well-being in university students before and during the onset of COVID-19 with PsyCap and coping strategies. Research Question 2 Results of a repeated-measures ANOVA presented in Figure 1 indicate that mean scores of PERMA decreased significantly during COVID-19: = .620; F (5,604) = 73.99, p < .001. The results also showed that the youngest students had the lowest coping skills. Chronicle of Higher Education. Try to create a separate work space, although you should reserve your sleeping area for sleeping. PERMA-Profiler Disclaimer. Healthcare workers were exposed to this highly infectious virus during the pandemic and suffered several social and psychological consequences, such as anxiety, psychological distress, and burnout. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-06-2015-0091. Eat well. Wang X, Hegde S, Son C, Keller B, Smith A, Sasangohar F. J Med Internet Res. 500 Montgomery Street,Suite 820Alexandria, VA. 22314Phone (703) 684.7722Toll Free (800) 969.6642Fax (703) 684.5968. The coping strategy of active coping (mean) among students in individual program years, Fig 4. University students are dealing with uncertain current realities and futures and may need to bolster their internal resources to face the challenges ahead. The PCQ-12 (Avey, Avolio et al., 2011), the shortened version of PCQ-24 (F. Luthans et al., 2007), consists of 12 items that measure four HERO dimensions: hope (four items), self-efficacy (three items), resilience (three items), and optimism (two items), together forming the construct of psychological capital (PsyCap). B., Reichard, R. J., Luthans, F., & Mhatre, K. H. (2011). Physical health significantly reduced from 6.58 to 5.91. 2021. Measuring PERMA+ in South Australia, the State of Wellbeing: A comparison with national and international norms. Universities across the country closed for in-person instruction and activities, transitioning to remote learning. 2023 Feb 10;13(2):429-439. doi: 10.3390/ejihpe13020032. Psychological capital: An evidence-based positive approach. Miyazaki, Y., Bodenhorn, N., Zalaquett, C., & Ng, K.-M. (2008). The main coping methods used were watching movies and listening to music (81%), playing sports (80%), praying (75%), rigorously applying social distancing measures View 3 excerpts, references results and background, View 2 excerpts, references results and background, International journal of environmental research and public health. 2023 Jan 20;20(3):1921. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20031921. Results revealed that well-being was significantly lower during COVID-19 compared to before the onset of the pandemic. Demographic Questionnaire Now is my chance to help others. Psychol. Thus, based on the current results and on the participatory model of intervention, a support program for students is proposed which would involve psychological, organizational, and instrumental support. Psychological Capital Questionnaire Short Version (PCQ-12) Methods: This article used narrative literature review to explore literature review from the following databases namely Web of Science, Google, COVID-19 has impacted every aspect of life around the world. Before the onset of COVID-19, 23% of the variance in well-being was explained by the PsyCap dimensions (R2 = .23, p < .001), with self-efficacy and optimism as the most significant predictors of well-being. Oxford Economic Papers, 64(1), 126. ways teachers can support students' mental health during COVID-19 10.3390/ijerph18010355 Fredrickson, B. L. (2009). Northwestern University. Given findings of the relationship between PsyCap and well-being in the current study, as well as in prior research (F. Luthans et al., 2006; F. Luthans et al., 2015; McGonigal, 2015), counselors may wish to focus on developing PsyCap to help university students flourish both during the pandemic and in a post-pandemic world. (2015). The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(4), 321332. Is there a significant difference in the well-being of university students prior to the onset of COVID-19 (reported retrospectively) and after the onset of COVID-19? https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062106, Deaton, A. Indirect Effect of Psychological Capital on PERMA Factors Through Coping Strategies (Mediators), Note. Coping with COVID-19-related stress as a student Support expected during the pandemic:. The COVID-19 pandemic may be stressful. PsyCaps positive psychological resources (HERO dimensions) may enable students to have a positive appraisal of circumstances (F. Luthans et al., 2007, p. 550) by providing mechanisms for reframing and reinterpreting potentially negative or neutral situations. The COVID-19 pandemic has meant additional stress, fear, and worry for many families. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2015.0088. Cohen, J. Covid-19 Penguin Press. Computer Human Behavior, 69, 19. Whether its an internship, dissertation defense or graduation ceremony, important events may not happen this year. https://www.immagic.com/eLibrary/ARCHIVES/GENERAL/ACCA_US/A081007G.pdf, Teixeira RJ, Brando T, Dores AR. Coping strategies and mental health during COVID-19 lockdown WebCoping Strategies Used by Student Nurses during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Literature Review. The author(s) received no specific funding for this work. [PDF] Coping Strategies Used by Student Nurses during COVID-19 A positive approach to management education: The relationship between academic PsyCap and student engagement. Journal of Adolescent Health, 46(1), 310. American Psychological Association. Thus, in general, internal consistency reliability coefficients tend to be relatively smaller ( = .5 to .9). Depression is a state of low mood that can lead to several negative outcomes on thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and even physical state. https://doi.org/10.1177/0034355217702136. Experts are projecting increases in depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and suicide in the United States (Wan, 2020). Students at a coping Healthcare workers were exposed to this highly infectious virus during the pandemic and suffered Background The COVID-19 pandemic led to major changes in peoples lives via protective strategies aimed at limiting the transmission of COVID-19, including social Basic self-care will keep your immune system strong and your emotional reserves full. SuperBetter: A revolutionary approach to getting stronger, happier, braver and more resilient. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.373, Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. This study examined the relationships between psychological capital (PsyCap), coping strategies, and well-being among 609 university students using self-report measures. Look for tasks you can postpone or simply eliminate from your to-do list. Routledge Academic. During the pandemic, optimism, hope, and resiliency have been significant predictors of well-being. iGen: Why todays super-connected kids are growing up less rebellious, more tolerant, less happyand completely unprepared for adulthoodand what that means for the rest of us. Students Fig 3. Further, they have negative associations with stress, burnout, negative health outcomes, and undesirable behaviors at the individual, team, and organizational levels (Avey, Reichard, et al., 2011; Newman et al., 2014). Do something physical like dancing. (2013). Clarifying the relation of acculturative stress and anxiety/depressive symptoms: The role of anxiety sensitivity among Hispanic college students. Gallagher, M. W., & Lopez, S. J. F. Luthans et al. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Of the final 609 participants, 73.7% (n = 449) identified as female, 22% (n = 139) identified as male, and 4.3% (n = 26) identified as non-binary. Try to get in at least one physical activity each day. Students Peter C. Mather, PhD, is a professor and department chair at Ohio University. Indeed, the emerging literature paints a bleak picture of college students experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. Psychiatric Services, 70(1), 6063. How to increase and sustain positive emotion: The effects of expressing gratitude and visualizing best possible selves. University students strategies of coping with stress during the Further, PsyCap HERO dimensions were negatively correlated to negative emotion and loneliness. Objectives To assess the psychological distress, anxiety, depression, coping strategies, Exercise regularly. Background: During COVID-19 Cleveland, Simon & Schuster. Fig 1. You can only control your own thoughts, feelings and behaviors. P = Positive Emotion, E = Engagement, R = Relationships, M = Meaning, A = Accomplishment, N = Negative Emotion, H = Physical Health, L = Loneliness. Such a decline in well-being following a pandemic is consistent with previous occurrences of public health crises or natural disasters (Deaton, 2012). coping In this study, accepting the realities, using alternative affirmative explanations, seeking social support for meeting emotional needs, and engaging in active problem-focused coping behaviors seem to be the most helpful ways to counter the negative effects of the pandemic on well-being. Stress, coping and gender differences in third year medical students. Talarowska M, Rucka K, Kowalczyk M, Chodkiewicz J, Kowalczyk E, Karbownik MS, Sienkiewicz M. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Establish a routine. Madhyastha, S., Latha, K. S., & Kamath, A. 44106-7164, Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, COVID-19: Our Body, Our Brains, Our Trauma. Research Question 1 The aim of this study was to assess the levels of depression, coping skills, and quality of life and their correlates among a sample of Jordanian adults aged 18 years during the COVID-19 lockdown implemented in Jordan. Identify strategies to use to take care of your body, your mind, your spirit, your relationships, your work. PsyCap is a state-like construct that consists of four dimensions: hope (H), self-efficacy (E), resilience (R), and optimism (O), often referred to by the acronym HERO (F. Luthans et al., 2007). Students at a United States university (N = 769) completed an online survey during fall 2020 and spring 2021 semesters. WebMike T. Docmerit is a great platform to get and share study resources, especially the resource contributed by past students and who have done similar courses. Mental Health of Students at Polish Universities after Two Years of the Outbreak of COVID-19. OH Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-Being, 20(1), 5165. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.0.0049. While modeling good behavior and staying safe yourself, recognize that you cant control what other people do. Interestingly, using emotional support also showed a similar mediating link between resilience and PERMA, but not for the factors of loneliness and negative emotion.